2025-03-10 00:19:27
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第1篇
英语四级考试真题及答案
art I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.
2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.
B) It found its way back to the park's zoo.
C) It became a great attraction for tourists.
D) It was sent to the animal control department.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It is the largest of its kind.
B) It is going to be expanded.
C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.
D) It is staring an online exhibition.
4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.
B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.
C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.
D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Pick up trash.
B) Amuse visitors.
C) Deliver messages.
D) Play with children.
6. A) They are especially intelligent.
B) They are children's favorite.
C) They are quite easy to tame.
D) They are clean and pretty.
7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.
B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.
C) Children may contract bird diseases.
D) Children may overfeed the rooks.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.
B) It will be hosted by famous professors.
C) It will cover different areas of science.
D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
9. A)It will be more futuristic.
B) It will be more systematic.
C) It will be more entertaining.
D) It will be easier to understand.
10. A) People interested in science.
B) Youngsters eager to explore.
C) Children in their early teens.
D) Students majoring in science.
11. A) Offer professional advice.
B) Provide financial support.
C) Help promote it on the Internet.
D) Make episodes for its first season.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Unsure.
B) Helpless.
C) Concerned.
D) Dissatisfied.
13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.
B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.
C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.
D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.
14. A) Embarrassed.
B) Unconcerned.
C) Miserable.
D) Resentful.
15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.
B) Compare his present with his past only.
C) Always learn from others' achievements.
D) Treat others the way he would be treated.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.
C) They are more likely to become engineers.
D) They have greater potential to be leaders.
17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
c) Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.
18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.
B) Provide a variety of optional courses.
C) Place great emphasis on test scores.
D) Pay extra attention to top students.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.
B) It seldom rains in summer time.
C) It does not rain as much as people think.
D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.
20. A) They drive most of the time.
B) The rain is usually very light.
C) They have got used to the rain.
D) The rain comes mostly at night.
21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.
B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.
C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.
D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.
B) It results from exerting one's muscles continuously.
C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.
D) It comes from staining one's muscles in an unusual way.
23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.
B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.
C) They begin to make repairs immediately.
D) They gradually become fragmented.
24. A) About one week.
B) About two days.
C) About ten days.
D) About four weeks.
25. A) Apply muscle creams.
B) Drink plenty of water.
C) Have a hot shower.
D) Take pain-killers.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or __26__ the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is __27__ , and the label says ”pure water“. But maybe what's inside is not so __28__ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world __29__ microplastics?
That's the conclusion of a recently __30__ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, __31__ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a __32__ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and __33__ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.
Confronted with this __34__ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the __35__ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.
A) adequate
B) admiring
C) contains
D) defending
E) evidence
F) instant
G) liquid
H) modified
I) natural
J) potential
K) released
L) revealing
M) sealed
N) solves
O) substance
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It
A) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.
B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.
C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.
D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.
E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.
F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.
G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project- based learning.
H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.
I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize （使变得无足轻重） making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.
J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.
K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.
L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling （受挫）？ Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?
M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.
N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit t together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, ”This is science, over here is history,“ I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?
O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.
maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.
teachers, role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.
up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.
to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.
is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.
will be boring unless students are able to take charge.
can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.
author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.
maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.
is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.
Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.
Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn't inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.
The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.
46. What do we lear about Knowledge-Based Arificial Itelligence?
A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.
B) It is a course designed for students to leamn online.
C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.
D) It is a computer program that aids student leaming.
47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?
A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.
B) His course was too difficult for the students.
C) Students' questions were too many to handle.
D) Too many students dropped out of his course.
48. What do we lear about Jill Watson?
A) She turned out to be a great sucess.
B) She got along pretty well with students.
C) She was unwelcome to students at first.
D) She was released online as an experiment.
49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?
A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.
B) They found her not as capable as expected.
C) They could not but admire her knowledge.
D) They could not tell her from a real person.
50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?
A) Launch different versions of her online.
B) Feed her with new questions and answers.
C) Assign her to answer more of students' questions.
D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.
Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.
To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.
Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.
Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because ”they feel a connection to the person“ who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.
51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?
A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.
B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.
C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.
D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.
52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer' s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?
A) To create atractive content for science websites.
B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.
C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.
D) To separate science projects from general ones.
53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfiunding campaign?
A) The potential benefit to future generations.
B) Its interaction with prospective donors.
C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.
D) The value of the proposed project.
54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?
A) They should be small to be sucessful.
B) They should be based on actual needs.
C) They should be assed with great care.
D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.
55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?
A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.
B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.
C) The significance and influence of the project itself.
D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际交流项目，以拓宽其视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣作出贡献。
Part Ⅰ Writing
Hi Mark,
I'm so glad that you have made up your mind to teach English in China. Before you make a decision about your precise destination, let me introduce my hometown, Chongqing.
Located in southwest China, Chongqing may not enjoy worldwide fame as much as Beijing or Shanghai, but it is a thriving metropolis with lower cost of living. Working and living here, you can achieve your career goals without feeling too much stress. The locals are known for being warm and hospitable, and you can teach in a way that feels good for you. To be sure, teaching a foreign language in a city where residents speak a dialect all the time can be very challenging. It takes time indeed to correct pronunciation mistakes each student makes. But since you are always praised for your kindness and patience, it should hardly be an obstacle for you.
Anyway, I will support and help you as much as possible, whichever city you go to. I believe living and teaching in China will be a pleasant and memorable experience for you.
Best wishes,
Li Ming
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. D
18. A
19. C
20. B
21. D
22. D
23. A
24. B
25. C
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：BMICK LOGEJ
36-45：EICGK FBJDH
46-55：BCADC CBBAD
Part IV Translation
Chinese families attach great importance to their children's education. Many parents hold that they should work hard to ensure their children's access to good education. Not only are they perfectly willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend much time urging them to study. Most parents expect their children to get admitted to elite universities. Owing to China s reform and opening-up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children grow up strong and healthy and make a contribution to the nation's development and prosperity.
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第2篇
有这样一份材料：两年前，兰州一家家族企业发展到一定规模后即寻求上市，从外部聘请了一名总经理。不料没多久，上亿元的资产被总经理偷偷转移一空。由此在私营企业界总结出了 一个“忠诚比能干更加重要”的用人标准，并据此断定：家族化管理体制还是有优势的，还是自己人管理自己企业好。
该论证存在着诸多认识上的偏颇，结论不可靠。
首先，该论证存在的第一个偏颇是，把个别当作了一般。该论证由一位外聘总经理卷走了上亿元的资产就得出“忠诚比能干更加重要”的结论，这是把一个公司发生的偶然现象，当作了普遍规律，在逻辑推理方面是站不住脚的。该论证没有看到，在现实生活中，绝大部分家族企业都是外聘职业经理管理本企业的，并没有发生资产被转移的现象。再者，该特例，从根本上说，也是公司最高层对聘请的总经理缺乏监督、控制不力的结果。所以，认为外聘职业经理人不可靠，论据不足，这种以偏概全的看法不可取。
其次，该论证存在的第二个偏颇是，看问题绝对化。该材料断定“忠诚比能干更加重要”，这是把“忠诚”的重要性不恰当地夸大了。该论证重视“忠诚”是必要的，但却忘记了光凭“忠诚”是不能管理还企业的。管理企业固然需要忠诚，然更需要能力。一个企业要发展，创造效益是最重要的，只有忠诚而没有能力，是不能管理好企业的日常业务的，如此不但创造不了效益，恐怕还要走向破产。所以，没有一个老板愿意雇佣只有忠诚而不能干的员工的。可见，该论证是不能成立的。
第三，该论证存在的第三个偏颇是，缺乏发展的眼光。该论证由一家私企的受骗经历而得出家族管理更有优势的论断，这既片面的也是故步自封的，论据不够充分。因为它只看到了一些家族式企业在创业初期非常好这一个方面，而没有看到，随着社会的发展，竞争的激烈，封闭性的家族式企业只用亲属，已经不适应当前的形势。当家族式企业发展到一定阶段，家族企业的通病，如自身素质不高、裙带关系严重，缺乏现代化的企业管理知识，将会阻碍其发展。这时只有吸纳新鲜血液，外聘高层次管理人才，方能对企业进行现代化企业制度改造，建立科学的管理体系，保证企业的长远发展。可见，该论证没有从发展的角度看问题，其结论是建立在社会环境不变的假设基础之上的，因而是妥当的，无说服力的。
综上分析，十分明显，该论证存在着诸多认识上的偏颇，结论不可靠。所以不可取。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第3篇
托福阅读文本：
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part,by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal
(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word ”bias“ in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) diagonal
(B) slope
(C) distortion
(D) prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas
(A) were suspicious of their neighbors
(B) were very proud of their lifestyle
(C) believed city government had too much power
(D) wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to
(A) participate in the urban reform movement
(B) seek financial security
(C) comply with a government ordinance
(D) avoid crime and corruption
5. The word ”embraced“ in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) suggested
(B) overestimated
(C) demanded
(D) welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word ”exorbitant“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) additional
(B) expensive
(C) various
(D) modified
of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT
(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
(C) the availability of services was regulated by local government
(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
9. The word ”Proponents“ in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) Experts
(B) Pioneers
(C) Reviewers
(D) Supporters
10. Why does the author mention ”industrialization“ (line 24)?
(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
托福阅读答案：
CDBBDABDDA
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第4篇
根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。
亚里士多德说：“城邦的本质在于多样性，而不在于一致性。……无论是家庭还是城邦，他们的内部都有着一定的一致性。不然的话，它们是不可能组建起来的。但这种一致性是有一定限度的。……同一种声音无法实现和谐，同一个音阶也无法组成旋律。城邦也是如此，它是一个多面体。人们只能通过教育使存在着各种差异的公民，统一起来组成一个共同体。”
形式划分：辩证关系类—AB统一型。
划分依据：材料探讨了多样性与一致性的关系。
内容划分：社会治理类。
划分依据：整个材料主要讲述了城邦的本质是什么，而城邦相当于一个国家，因此这个材料就需要分析社会治理到底是要多样性还是要一致性。
审题：
这个材料的理解是有相当难度的，因此必须认真读题。为了更好解读这个材料，考生需要把这个材料划分为4个部分。
1.城邦的本质在于多样性，而不在于一致性。
这一句话告诉我们，城邦最根本的东西是什么。也就是在多样性和一致性之间，多样性才最重要。这句话是整段材料的最终观点。
2.无论是家庭还是城邦，他们的内部都有着一定的一致性。不然的话，它们是不可能组建起来的。
这一部分又告诉我们，一致性对城邦是有着一定作用的。
3.但这种一致性是有一定限度的。……同一种声音无法实现和谐，同一个音阶也无法组成旋律。城邦也是如此，它是一个多面体。
这一部分告诉我们，一致性虽然重要，但是多样性更为重要。
4.人们只能通过教育使存在着各种差异的公民，统一起来组成一个共同体。
最后一句话，让很多同学认为这段材料是在强调教育的重要作用，因此就立意为教育方面去了。其实这最后一句话是在说明多样性和一致性是可以通过一定方法来达到统一的。也就是既讲一致性，又讲多样性。
1是观点，后面三部分都是来说明为什么的。
这段话的两个核心关键词是“多样性”和“一致性”。
立意：
立意的方向就要说明多样性和一致性是统一的，而且多样性才最重要。所以，可以立意为：保障一致性，发展多样性。
标题：保障一致性，发展多样性
第一段：概括材料+得出观点
第二段：一致性的重要性
第三段：多样性的重要性
第四段：只有一致性的弊端+只有多样性的弊端+二者统一
第五段：提出措施，使二者更好发挥作用
第六段：总结全文，重申主
一致性：①减少社会的不和谐因素；②保障社会的高效运转。
多样性：①满足人们的物质需求；②满足人们的精神需求。
二者结合的作用：既能保障社会的和谐稳定，又能让社会全方位发展。
措施段：①加强教育宣传；②加强法治社会的建设。
全文参考分析
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第5篇
托福阅读文本：
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as ”sculptors“ in today's use of the word.
On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.
The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed.
Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.
托福阅读题目：
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.
(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.
(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.
(D)American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.
2. The word ”motifs“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tools
(B) prints
(C) signatures
(D) designs
3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?
(A) European sculptors
(B) Carpenters
(C) Stone carves
(D) Cabinetmakers
4. The word ”others“ in line 6 refers to
(A) craftspeople
(B) decorations
(C) ornamentations
(D) shop signs
5. The word ”distinct“ in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) assembled
(C) notable
(D) inferior
6. The word ”rare“ in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) festive
(B) infrequent
(C) delightful
(D) unexpected
7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?
(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.
(B) He was well known for his wood carvings
(C) He produced sculpture for churches.
(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.
8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?
(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import
(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.
(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.
(D) The materials found abroad were superior.
9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?
(A) It was less time-consuming
(B) It was more dangerous.
(C) It was more expensive.
(D) It was less refined.
托福阅读答案：
BDCAABABD
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第6篇
12月英语六级阅读真题及答案
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside -- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).
Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime -- treks in Bomeo, a sports tour to Barbados -- appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life 's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.
But 3,000 pounds trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over 30,000 pounds. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.
The Department for Education 's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.
46. What does the author say best schools should do?
A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.
B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.
C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.
D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.
47. What does the author think about school field trips?
A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.
B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.
C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.
D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.
48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?
A) Events aiming to improve community services.
B) Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.
C) Events that require mutual understanding,
D) Activities involving all students on campus.
49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?
A) They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.
B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.
C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.
D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.
50. What is the author's expectation of schools?
A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.
B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.
C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.
D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.
Co-author Celine Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there're no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warming yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.
Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins -- million breeding pairs -- will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front -- an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life -- is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and kill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding, grounds and their fool prows, entire colonies could be wiped out.
Le Bohec said: “The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warming about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.” Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.
51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?
A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.
B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.
C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.
D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.
52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?
A) Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.
B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.
C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.
D) Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.
53. What does the passage say about king penguins?
A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.
B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.
C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.
D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.
54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?
A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.
B) Many king penguins could no longer live on kill.
C) Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.
D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.
55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?
A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.
B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.
C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.
D) Only a few of its islands can serve as luge breeding grounds for king penguins.
Passage one
Passage two
206月英语六级阅读真题及答案
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after , . The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.
The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late . Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.
The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ billion in domestic revenue.
But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation- -a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.
“It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects.”
Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “ I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired,” says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.
“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.
Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors ”represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.“ So ”even though they're the top craftsmen in their field,“ Witlin says, ”if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies.“
46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?
A) The labor contract between them had been violated.
B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.
C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.
D) The negotiations between them had broken down.
47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?
A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.
B) It has become more open and transparent.
C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.
D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.
48. What are the voice actors demanding?
A) More regular employment.
B) A non-discriminatory contract.
C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.
D) A limit on the maximum work hours.
49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?
A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.
B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.
C) They are not paid on a regular basis.
D) They are not employed full-time.
50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?
A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.
B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.
C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.
D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.
This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.
Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.
And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.
That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in .
Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.
51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?
A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.
B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.
C) To make the best use of satellites in space.
D) To improve traffic conditions in space.
52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?
A) Reduce debris in space.
B) Monitor satellite operations.
C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.
D) Update satellite communications technology.
53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?
A) Set international standards for the space fight industry.
B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.
C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.
D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.
54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?
A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.
B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.
C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.
D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.
55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?
A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.
B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.
C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.
D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.
Passage one
Passage two
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第7篇
托福阅读文本：
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a ”lug pole“ from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of ”oven wood,“ consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.
Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron ”bake kettle,“ which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
托福阅读题目：
1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage
mainly discuss?
(A) methods of baking bread
(B) fireplace cooking
(C) the use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen
(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals
2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate
(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces
(B) that they served diverse functions
(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces
(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces
3. The word ”scorched“ in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) burned
(B) cut
(C) enlarged
(D) bent
4. The word ”it“ in line 6 refers to
(A) the stonework
(B) the fireplace opening
(C) the mantel tree
(D) the rising column of heat
to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?
(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire
(B) By putting the pot in the oven
(C) By filling the pot with hot water
(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire
6. The word ”obtain“ in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) maintain
(B) reinforce
(C) manufacture
(D) acquire
7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug
pole?
(A) It was made of wood not readily available.
(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.
(C) It occasionally broke.
(D) It became too hot to touch.
8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, ”oven wood“ produced
(A) less smoke
(B) more heat
(C) fewer embers
(D) lower flames
to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:
(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.
(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.
(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
(D) It was heated with maple sticks.
to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a ”bake kettle_?
(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.
(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.
托福阅读答案：
BCACD DCBAAB
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第8篇
复习英语(二)以MBA联考英语真题为主
大纲出来之前同学们的心情可能是忐忑不定，总觉得大纲会有很大的变化，但实际上一出来其实跟没有变化是一样的，如果说有变化也是对于大家比较有利的变化，删除了一些题型，所以，我们的难度，还有一些工作量就减少了，而至于增加的词汇大多数也都是已经认识到的。所以，我们的备考方向可以完全按照大纲出来之前的备考方向，以及你之前的一些目标持续的去做就可以了，也可以印证了老师一贯的教学方法也是比较正确的。
英语(二)对所有的考生都是一个新生的事物，但是今天拿到大纲样题发现考英语(二)的`大纲样题所有的题型中发现大多数都跟以往的MBA联考的真题是重合的，比如我们大纲样题当中完形填空就是MBA联考的真题，阅读一共四篇文章，其中有三篇全部都是历年MBA联考英语真题。第一篇文章是20第一篇文章，第三篇文章是第三篇文章，第四篇文章是第一篇文章。包括大作文也是一样的，完全是20MBA联考英语的真题，所以，对于考英语(二)的同学而言，之前总觉得没有任何复习的材料，其实这个样题也告诉我们，我们考英语(二)的同学复习的主要材料是MBA英语，而并非是英语(一)。所以，MBA联考英语真题为主，英语(一)的真题为辅这样的一种复习策略。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第9篇
考研英语二：MBA联考真题也值得参考
冲刺阶段，对于英语二真题的复习，同学们首先要熟悉英语二考试大纲，教育部的考试分析，这可以充分了解考试结构和试卷难度，试卷构成，以及命题的重点，以及官方解题指南，以及备考的策略。
英语二因为只有四年的真题，所以MBA，MPA，MPACC过去的联考真题就显得非常重要，这是英语二试卷的前身，考研英语二的大作文短文写作，就是来自的大作文，柱状图，如果去年的英语复习不注意MBA，MPA，MPACC过去的联考真题，那是很危险的，所以有些老师认为MBA，MPA，MPACC过去的联考真题非常简单，不值得强化训练，这也是犯了主观主义的'错误，所以通过20硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二的真题我们得出除了要重视英语二的四年考过真题，同样要注意的是重视MBA，MPA，MPACC过去的联考真题，这是历史总结的重点，请各位考研辅导教师和考生务必认真对待!
同时，英语二的真题更多对词汇的基础考查，通过做真题，在具体语境中记忆单词，基础一般甚至薄弱的同学建议全文翻译，不管英语知识运用，还是阅读理解，翻译，都要全篇翻译，在全篇翻译过程中更加理解长难句，和单词以及句子结构，这都是非常重要的，更加理解句子结构，和文章主要考察类型。此外还有认真研究选项，正确选项的基本特征，错误选项即干扰选项的主要特征，都要非常熟悉，这样到了考场会提高解题速度，提高答题准确率，这个工作一定做到位。这是完形，阅读以及翻译需要做的工作。
最后写作，要了解考试大纲，通过历年真题，认真从应用文写作和短文写作两个方面把握作文复习，应用文写作更多注意书信，如建议信，道歉信，申请信，投诉信，感谢信，求职信，辞职信，邀请信，慰问信，祝贺信等，还有通知告示等，短文写作在英语二重点把握图表作文，如柱状图，饼状图，表格，也要兼顾提纲作文，图画作文，跨考教育英语教研室栾劲鹏老师认为，作文复习建议全面复习，不能投机取巧，妄图通过押题和模板搞定，这都不会取得满意的分数，通过真题和优秀范文认真学习，背诵以及仿写，一定会取得满意的结果!近期在跨考教育举办英语作文在线批改活动，同学们可通过线上提交作文，通过老师的批改了解自己的真实水平以及漏洞。请各位考生时刻铭记，天道酬勤!
在最后的复习阶段，各位考生平衡自己学科复习，公共课和专业课有规划的复习，自习阶段按照考试时间规定复习各个科目，形成良好的生物复习钟，这对备考也是有积极作用，实力和方法在考研的全程备考中也是非常重要的，细节决定成败，请各位考生注意严谨，认真，全面!越往后政治的背诵，英语作文，以及背诵的学科尤为重要。
此外当复习压力过大，一定及时和同学，老师家长及时沟通，怀着良好的心态去备考!
这是通过这本复习参考书了解的英语二以及考研复习的基本思路和方法，祝福考生考研成功!
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第10篇
根据以下材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。
生物学家发现，雌孔雀往往选择尾巴大而艳丽的雄孔雀作为配偶，因为雄孔雀尾巴越大越艳丽，说明它越有生命活力，其后代的健康越能得到保证。但是，这种选择也产生了问题，孔雀的尾巴越艳丽，就越容易被天敌发现和猎获，其生存反而受到威胁。
形式划分：寓言故事类—故事型。
划分依据：讲述了雌孔雀做出选择所面临的两难困境。
内容划分：企业管理类。
划分依据：动物故事一般写企业管理类话题。
审题：
立意：
孔雀的故事，告诉了一个选择会有利有弊。如果考生就此立意：权衡利弊，慎重做出选择。那么这个立意就太普通，没有什么出彩的地方。
在面对跟动物和植物有关的材料时，考生应该尽量将其迁移到人和企业上来，特别是企业。因此我们将孔雀的故事类比到企业中，企业做出决策，既有不错的回报，但是却要面临一定的风险，这个时候会怎么做呢？是不去求回报吗？当然不是，而是尽量想办法规避这些风险，然后求得回报。因此这个材料的立意，就跟企业的思维方式有关了。
所以，最后可以立意为：追求收益时还需控制风险。
正面分析：①风险与收益并存；②控制风险可以减少损失。
反面分析：不控制风险会让企业因为风险而遭受重大损失。
困难性：①缺乏风险意识；②缺乏风险防范机制；③缺乏责任追究机制。
措施段：①具有风险意识；②建立风险防范机制；③建立责任追究制度。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第11篇
根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。
有人说，机器人的使命，应该是帮助人类做那些人类做不了的事，而不是代替人类。技术变革会夺取一些人低端繁琐的工作岗位，最终也会创造更高端更人性化的就业机会。例如，历史上铁路的出现抢去了很多挑夫的工作，但又增加了千百万的铁路工人。人工智能也是一种技术变革，人工智能也将促进人类社会的发展。有人则不以为然。
形式划分：观点辨析类—一个观点型。
划分依据：对人工智能能不能促进人类社会发展持相反的态度。
内容划分：社会治理类。
划分依据：材料强调了人类社会的发展，人工智能是一种科学技术，因此就属于社会治理类材料。
审题：
1.有人说……有人则不以为然。这告诉我们这个材料就是一个观点辨析类材料。
2第二个人对第一个人反驳，因此属于单一观点型。
3.对于题干出现了三个核心关键词：
①机器人；②技术变革；③人工智能。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第12篇
社会发展，杂念、善念交错，在这个空间里生存已久，许多双手已变冰冷，道德与善良在缺失。伸出手吧!去温暖他人，去帮助他人。
早前在广东省发生的“小悦悦”事件让人不禁感叹，如今的社会人心竟变得如此生硬，生硬得叫人畏惧。一个弱小的孩子躺在路中央，十几人从她面前走过却无一人伸出缓助之手，让她呻吟，痛苦，只有一位清洁老奶奶伸出手，来温暖这已冰凉的身躯。社会的高速发展，人们渐渐麻木于利益，金钱之间，渐渐忘了去伸手，忘了手中的温度足以温暖人心。
雪莱曾在《论爱》里说道：“当爱逐渐死去，人心不过是活着的墓穴。”当爱与善念走远，社会不过是装满躯壳的坟场。伸出你的手吧!去温暖他人，去唤醒那些沉睡了的心，去让杂念堆积的冰山融解，去让道德在社会中重新燃烧。
获得诺贝尔和平奖的修女特蕾莎将获得的20万美金全部捐给印度的贫困儿童，并申请将筹备晚会的6000美金也全部捐出。而特蕾莎修女自身朴素，临终时只身着最普通的修女装，手握一本圣经。她的一生简单却不平凡，她伸出她的手去温暖了无数印度孩子，让他们感受到爱与希望，让他们相信善念仍存于世，让他们学会今后也要伸出手去温暖更多的人。 黑龙江省佳木斯市的张丽丽老师在货车撞向学生时，伸手奋力推开学生，结果被撞倒，下身高位截肢。北大教授倡导扶起老人，若被索求赔款，学校承担费用。日本企业巨人稻盛和夫伸出双手扶起涉临破产的航空企业，握住每个员工的手，用温暖的心去唤醒员工们的斗志。
他们，这些抱着善良之心的人，在生活的小事中，伸出自己的双手，去帮助他人，去救援，去保护，去温暖他人。社会，国家的运行稳定需要这些人的扶持，需要这些人来带动他人的伸手举动，需要这些人来让道德观念在人群中传递。
别去吝惜自己的帮助，别去埋怨社会的黑暗与阴霾，别让你的手长期放在口袋里，别让你的善良与爱心和道德和时间一样流逝。
社会发展，杂念，善良交错，在这个空间生存已久，纵使许多双手已变冰冷，却仍有温暖之人愿伸手去维护道德，去温暖他人。做个温暖的人，伸出手温暖他人!
高考作文真题范文二：感受爱 感恩爱
都说世界上最珍贵的都是免费的东西，而这些免费的东西又都是看似细如灰尘的东西，所以极易让人忽视它们的存在。鱼儿不能缺水，但就在这最需要的东西里面，它都没有细心去感知水是清澈或浑浊。我们人也是一样，常常忽略身边最不起眼的，最平凡的那些爱。要用心去感受爱，感谢爱。
有些爱摆在我们面前，我们却当那是理所当然，完全看不到它对自己有多珍贵。我们学不会感受，学不会感谢，甚至常常抱怨，常常恶语相向。
就拿父母的爱来说吧，都说“可怜天下父母心”。父母对子女的爱是天下最无私的爱，是不讲条件的爱，是这个世界上任何人都不能相提并论的爱。“浪子回头金不换”，无论我们犯了多大的错误，无论我们做了多少伤害他们的事情，他们都会无条件地原谅。父母的爱，如春天里的缕缕微风，抚摸着我们稚嫩的脸颊;父母的爱，像夏天里的习习凉风，掠去我们心中的燥热;父母的爱，似秋天的累累硕果，让我们解渴，给我们的心田注入了甘泉;父母的爱，仿佛冬天的烈日，赶跑我们心中的严寒。
记得那是上初中的时候，那次因为一点小事跟母亲拌了嘴，于是赌气，晚饭也不吃就去上学了。下了晚自习开始饥肠辘辘，后悔当初没把肚子填饱再出门。在出校门的那一刻我看见一个熟悉的身影向我走来，是我的母亲她手里拿着一个大大的冒着热气的鸡腿，说：“孩子，饿了吧，赶紧把它吃了。”当时我的眼泪就夺眶而出，我一边流泪一边啃着鸡腿，反思着这样的爱，是呀，他们用无声的爱呵护我们健康快乐地成长，而我们却把这种爱当做一件理所当然的事，我们甚至厌烦母亲的喋喋不休，憎恨父亲的严厉批评，殊不知这样的亲情是需要我们怀着一颗感恩的心去铭记，去报答的。学会感受父母那崇高无私的爱，学会感谢他们对我们无怨无悔的付出。
没有朋友的人，没有友情的人，想必应该是这个世界上最孤独的人吧!友情，是一把刀，将我们心中那坚硬的城墙敲碎;友情，是一盏灯，照亮我们心中的彷徨与黑暗;友情，是一个巨大无比的箱子，收获快乐，也分享快乐;友情是雨季里的小伞，为我们撑起一片晴天;友情是寒夜里的一把火，为我们送去片片温暖;友情是一阵温馨的风，抚慰我们受伤的心灵;友情是一块洁白的手帕，拭干你腮边的泪痕。华盛顿曾说过：“友谊是真正的一株成长缓慢的植物”，是啊，如果你不用真心的水去浇灌它，不用诚意的阳光去照耀它，最终有一天，它会调零、死亡，你便会失去友谊，失去更多，更多。对待友谊，我们要用真心去感受，要用真情去感谢。当朋友高兴时，我们和他一起分享快乐的喜悦;当朋友伤心难过时，我们帮他分担忧愁痛苦;当朋友茫然失措时，我们鼓励他迷途知返。伯牙与钟子期的友情故事想必是从古流传至今的，伯牙每次弹琴想到什么，钟子期都能从琴声中领会到伯牙所想之意境，这样的默契真是百世难求啊!是的，友情使人在黑暗中看到光明，在邪恶中看到善良，在冷酷无情中看到人性的光芒。要知道，这个世界上没有谁必须对我们好，我们要学会感恩友情。
不仅是亲情，友情值得我们去感受，去感恩，这是一个平民英雄辈出的时代，是一个人人都可以奉献爱的时代。社会上大大小小的爱心人士层出不穷，他们的义举、壮举同样能让我们为之动容。“最美司机”“最美女教师”他们关键时刻的抉择，他们在危难时刻迸发出的美丽举动，不仅是人性的真实体现，更是爱的完美诠释。对待这样的爱，我们要敬仰，要感恩，没有谁必须为谁交出生命，这样壮大的爱是我们所不能承受的，所以我们要学会感受，感受那生命垂危时想的不是自己的伟大心理，感恩那危险来临是想的都是别人的伟大行为。
我们需要爱去灌溉我们那干涸的心灵，我们需要爱来抚慰我们那布满创伤的心灵，所以我们要学会感受身边的爱，哪怕是一句小小的问候，一杯热气腾腾的开水，那都是满满的爱。我们要学会感恩爱，不要把人间最美的爱忽略掉，否则你会后悔没有抓住最简单的幸福。
高考作文真题范文三：我想生活在唐朝
我想生活在唐朝，因为那里是诗的世界。
“燕草如碧丝，秦桑低绿枝”
梦回无数次，幻想千百回，我想生活在唐朝。在唐朝，我可以与李太白一道且放白鹿青崖间，须行即骑访名山。我可以与他并间闯天下，学诗学道，任剑闯逍遥。每日，我与他高吟“君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”的豪放诗句。我与他于花间独酌，于月影下舞剑。我想生活在唐朝，因为那里是属于诗的神圣殿堂。太白绣口一吐是半个盛唐。在唐朝，我可以接触到高吟“前不见古人，后不见来者”的陈子昂，感受他的悲愤;我可以接触到畅言“阁中带子今何在，槛外长江空自流”的王勃，感受他的才气;我可以接触到那“春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花”的登科后才人，感到他的得意和轻独狂。我想生活在唐朝，生活在诗的世界里。
“天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期”
生活在唐朝，我可以领略到杨贵妃的惊人美貌，可以感受到唐玄宗的痴情，可以感受到那股缠绵悱恻的哀怨之情。马?坡下的溅血，散发的是一股苍凉。我想生活在唐朝，因为我想领略唐朝的情，唐朝的气度，唐朝的盛转衰。传说中唐朝恢宏大度，充满泱泱大国的气度。我想生活在唐朝，如诗如画的世界。“长安回望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开”，一骑只为妃子笑;“漠漠水田飞白鹭，莺莺夏木啭黄鹂”，王维眼中的唐朝如此如诗如画，吸引着我的向往。我想生活在唐朝，每日陪伴王维看那云卷云舒，花开花落，看那明月在松间上，那清泉在石上流。
“大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”
我想生活在唐朝，那个用诗来构造的朝代。安史之乱的践踏，使我感受到了杜甫的悲愤。当他听闻河南河北收复之时，高吟“青春作伴好还乡”时，我感受到他的狂欢。我想生活在唐朝，领略一群爱国人士发出的肺腑之音，聆听大唐王朝的号角声，领略由盛转衰的悲壮。没有人为杜甫送葬，没有人为他默哀，我想守在他身边，用他的诗、他的才，来表达那股爱国之情。
我想生活在唐朝，无论是盛唐还是衰唐，它都是诗化了的世界，充满了诗意，如画江山在王维手中成了诗境，豪迈之情在太白口中一吐便成了千古之情，热血洒落的战争在诗的表达下尽显其情境。唐朝，一个诗的朝代。
我想生活在唐朝，因为那是诗的世界，埋藏着千年的情感。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第13篇
一、听力
本次大学英语四级听力部分分为两个部分：短对话和篇章听力。两部分总的难度走平和路线，较之去年，短对话部分难度没有提升，没有生僻单词的出现，它的难点基本在于语义的理解方面。
例如以下三题都是考察but这个转折词出现后，句子意思的理解问题：
1. m: i think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.
w: yes. the food and drinks were great, but if only we had known a few of the other guests.
q: what did the two speakers say about the party?
这道题目的考点在于“but if only we had known a few of the other guests.” but 表示转折，暗示后面的内容与前面陈述内容相反，即，晚宴不太好的地方是对其他客人不熟悉。
3． m: how do you like the new physician who replaced doctor andrews？
w: he may not seem as agreeable or as thorough as doctor andrews, but at least he doesn’t keep patients waiting for hours
q: what can we infer from the woman’s answer?
“but at least he doesn’t keep patients waiting for hours，”又是一个语义转折的考点。从女士的回答可以看出，她认为doctor andrews比新来的医生要更适合这份工作，但是他常常让病人等很长时间。
5． w: do you have the seminar schedule with you? i’d like to find out the topic for friday.
m: i gave it to my friend, but there should be copies available in the library. i can pick one up for you.
q: what does the man promise to do?
“but there should be copies available in the library. i can pick one up for you.”虽然男生已经把他的给了朋友，但是图书馆里还有，他可以帮女生带一本。
第7题是考查对比理解。
7．w: here is this week’s schedule, tony. on monday there is the board meeting. your speech at the lion’s club is on tuesday afternoon. then on wednesday you have the appointment with your lawyer. and…
m: wait! you mean the business conference on tuesday is canceled?
q: what will the man do this tuesday?
女生说“your speech at the lion’s club is on tuesday afternoon”男生惊讶于“wait!you mean the business conference on tuesday is canceled?”即原来安排的是商务会谈，现在取消了。在听这道题目时，考生一定要注意wait 这个词，表示事实情况与原来的安排可能出现了差异，不能仅凭时间状语进行判断。
而篇章听力理解部分有一定的难度。三篇文章，第一篇主要介绍“kudzu”（野葛）这种植物，它来自哪里，对于人类有哪些利弊等等。
第二篇主要介绍“university”这个单词的来源，以及英国国内著名大学的发展历程。
第三篇主要介绍“heifer international”这个国际组织的由来，它给世界人民尤其是发展中国家人民的生活带来了哪些改变或者益处。
三篇文章的难点在于专业术语比较多，例如：“kudzu”，“universitas”，“heifer international”等等，但是文章对于这些术语都有详细的解释，在解释说明时，并没有什么疑难单词出现，语法也不是很复杂。所以，考生在进行听力测试时，遇到生僻的单词千万不要紧张，只要镇定自若地听完全文，在听的过程中，适当做一下笔记，回答后面的问题，并不困难。
二、阅读
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第14篇
高考作文真题汇总
20高考语文试卷作文题共11道，其中5道由教育部考试中心命制，天津、上海、江苏、浙江等省市各命制1道，北京命制2道。试题以材料作文为主，命题把握时代脉搏，紧贴时代精神，落实立德树人根本任务，加强应用写作能力考查，引导当代青年坚定理想信念、厚植家国情怀、拓宽国际视野、培养奋斗精神。
全国Ⅰ卷
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
春秋时期，齐国的公子纠与公子小白争夺君位，管仲和鲍叔分别辅佐他们。管仲带兵阻击小白，用箭射中他的衣带钩，小白装死逃脱。后来小白即位为君，史称齐桓公。鲍叔对桓公说，要想成就霸王之业，非管仲不可。于是桓公重用管仲，鲍叔甘居其下，终成一代霸业。后人称颂齐桓公九合诸侯、一匡天下，为“春秋五霸”之首。孔子说：“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。”司马迁说：“天下不多（称赞）管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。”
班级计划举行读书会，围绕上述材料展开讨论。齐桓公、管仲和鲍叔三人，你对哪个感触最深？请结合你的感受和思考写一篇发言稿。
要求：结合材料，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
全国Ⅱ卷
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
墨子说：“视人之国，若视其国；视人之家，若视其家；视人之身，若视其身。”英国诗人约翰多恩说：“没有人是自成一体、与世隔绝的孤岛，每一个人都是广袤大陆的一部分。”
“青山一道同云雨，明月何曾是两乡。”“同气连枝，共盼春来。”……年的春天，这些寄言印在国际社会援助中国的物资上，表达了世界人民对中国的支持。
“山和山不相遇，人和人要相逢。”“消失吧，黑夜！黎明时我们将获胜！”……这些话语印在中国援助其他国家的物资上，寄托着中国人民对世界的祝福。
“世界青年与社会发展论坛”邀请你作为中国青年代表参会，发表以“携手同一世界，青年共创未来”为主题的中文演讲。请完成一篇演讲稿。
要求：结合材料内容及含意完成写作任务；选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
全国III卷
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
人们用眼睛看他人、看世界，却无法直接看到完整的.自己。所以，在人生的旅程中，我们需要寻找各种“镜子”、不断绘制“自画像”来审视自我，尝试回答“我是怎样的人”“我想过怎样的生活”“我能做些什么”“如何生活得更有意义”等重要的问题。
毕业前，学校请你给即将入学的高一新生写一封信，主题是“如何为自己画好像”，与他们分享自己的感悟与思考。
要求：结合材料，选好角度，确定立意，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
全国新高考Ⅰ卷
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
面对突发的新冠肺炎疫情，国家坚持人民至上、生命至上，果断采取防控措施，全国人民紧急行动。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第15篇
漫漫的长路灯光闪闪，每个人都提着一盏诚信的灯走在坎坷的人生长路上。诚信的灯忽隐忽亮宛如天上的明星眨着那天真无邪的大眼睛，对我们诉说着点点真诚。
我和小云约好一起去游玩，我们信誓旦旦：“无论风雨，都会如约前行。”当晚刮起了大风，而早晨却又下起了倾盆大雨，在睡梦中一点点诚信的光催促着我，好像在说：“快起，快起，小云正等着你呢!”我一下子滚了起来，我看了看窗外，雨下得正大，两个小精灵跳了出来，一个说：“别去了，雨这么大，她也不一定会来。”另一个说：“跟别人约好的就要遵守。”我不顾他们的争吵，抓起伞就往外面冲，终于到了车站，我看了看表：幸好没有迟到。雨越来越大，我左等又等却始终不见小云的到来，而此时我那可怜的肚子正因没有吃早饭而“咕咕”的抗议。时间一分一秒的过去，车也过去了不知多少辆，心中抱着的希望也一点点消失，这时，从车上跳下来一个小男孩，用书挡着头，我把伞轻轻的移了过去，他抬头看了看我用一种欢快的声音说:“谢谢，姐姐你也在等人么”。我点了点头，车过了一辆又一辆，我劝告那个小男孩说：“小弟弟，别等了，雨这么大，他不会来了。”他没有说什么，但眼中的光彩，也逐渐消失。忽然小男孩眼中又闪出了光彩，这时，从车上冲下来一个小男孩，小弟弟冲出了雨伞和那个小男孩紧紧拥抱后，手拉着手，唱着欢快的歌走了。又剩我独自等候好友，最后不知是该吃午饭了，还是希望消磨完了，我独自打着伞回到了家，刚到家，铃~铃~的响了起来，我抓起电话，那边传来生气的口吻：“给你打了十几个电话，你也没接。”然后向我解释为什么没来，多半是因为雨太大了具体谈话内容我不记得了，只记得她说完后，我静静地把话筒放了回去，之后我眼前出现了刚才的情景为什么我们不能像约定的那样：无论风雨都会如约前行。
诚信犹如一盏明灯，当你提着它时，你的人生道路就会变得平坦，广阔;当你抛弃它时，你的人生路将会变得狭小，凹凸不平。诚信的人总会受到上天的眷恋的。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第16篇
我们知道，研究生入学考试分为初试和复试两个部分，其分数比例一般为7:3，而近年来，教育部日益提倡“把招生自主权还给高校”，各院校也越来越注重复试的权重，个别学校甚至将初复试的比重设定为1:1。除此之外，复试与初试一样，都具有一票否决权，初试的竞争固然艰苦，而复试的战场更为惨烈，面对复试中更为强悍的对手，我们应如何面对?征服导师则似乎成为一条捷径。多年的调查与研究已证明，导师在复试乃至整个研究生的学习和发展中都起到了极为关键的作用，故如何在复试中征服导师是我们现今应考虑并解决的关键。
考研复试的内容包括三大板块，即：英语能力测试、专业能力测试和综合面试。其中英语能力测试看似最简单最无价值，但每年仍有很多考生因复试中英语能力表现不佳而未能得到导师的青睐，最终无缘研究生。那么英语这门科目在导师心目中的地位如何?导师又关注考生在英语复试中的哪些表现呢?跨考教育复试辅导孙婷婷老师从下面四大模块进行分析。
1. 对专业词汇的掌握程度
每个专业都有其相关词汇，多以英文形式出现，因为多数成熟的专业是从国外引进或国内外共同研究的，事实上，可以说我国所独有的专业数量完全不存在。词汇是构成句子的基础，是理解文章的核心，故而对这些词汇的掌握直接决定对该专业的理解。
此外，专业词汇往往较难且针对性强，很多词汇甚至连英语专业的老师和学生都不认识，这些词汇在日常生活或影视文化作品中的出现频率几乎为零，而且单词的组成往往较长，可以说记忆起来非常困难。而辩证地思考，我们可以设想掌握了这些词汇的考生，其英语能力一定不错，至少针对本专业，该同学的英语水平是足够的，而这也正是导师所关注的。
2. 对外文文献的阅读能力
3. 英语写作能力
三年的研究生生活，核心便是论文。每个研究生在毕业前都会被要求写一到三篇高水平的专业论文，这些论文中都至少要有一个英文摘要或说明书，而优秀的论文往往要求全英，以便在国际期刊上发表，
4. 英语口语表达
相比于词汇认知度和英文读写能力，导师对同学的英语口语表达能力的关注能力偏低，但不是完全不关注。研究发现，很多著名院校和著名专业的导师对学生的外语表达能力是有希冀的，因为越是著名的研究，越会要求国内外研究者的通力合作共同研发，所以很多院校和专业的导师与国外相关领域专家学者交流的机会都很多，他们自己往往外语很好，那么他们对于学生的口语表达能力也就有了较高的要求，至少不能比自己差太多。此外，对于那些自身外语能力有限的导师而言，他们自己因为受到语言的局限，深知良好的英语口语表达的重要性，所以会希望自己的学生能够避除这个障碍，并且可以在将来的外文学术探讨中帮到自己，所以也会对学生的口语表达能力提出一定要求。可以说，英语口语表达能力虽非导师的硬性要求，但却是其心中所愿，故而在复试中同学应注意展示自己的相关特长。
综上所述，导师在考研复试英语中通常是从以上四个方面对考生进行测评的，换言之，这也就是我们每个考生在复试时应注意展现出来的素质，这样才会且就会赢得导师的青睐。相比初试，复试更加注重的是交际能力和知识的实际运用能力，所以在准备上和初试也有一定的差别。同时，复试在研究生录取中占有相当重的比例，所以同学们应该给予高度的重视和充分的准备。下面跨考考研复试辅导王鹏彦老师就针对考研复试的英语部分这个模块，给各位考生们一些参考建议，希望对同学们有所帮助。
因各位考生的学校不同，考研复试英语部分的内容也有很大差别。总体来说，复试英语包括口语、听力、翻译等内容。考生在考前最好是先确定一下考试的形式，是只有口试还是口试和听力都需要考查，多向研一、研二的师兄师姐咨询，做到知己知彼，准备充分。
首先，针对口语部分，口语面试的目的是考核考生们的语音、语调、流利度等能力。口语的考试通常以面试的形式出现，大家相对较陌生，容易心里没底而造成紧张，所以在考试之前更应该做好充分的准备。需要提醒大家的是，由于复试的英语口试每个学校都不尽相同，不像初试一样，有一套全国统一的试题，因此在考试之前，大家最好是找报考院校和专业的师兄师姐咨询一下考试的形式和内容，如：1)确定面试的考官是本专业的教授，还是其他的英语老师，这样做的目的是确定面试对象。如果是本专业的教授，则可以用一些专业的英语进行表达;如果是英语老师，则可能对专业的知识不太熟悉，因此需要用比较通俗的英语向其解释本专业的东西。如果是英语老师，则较可能提问一些非专业的问题，如自我介绍，介绍一下家乡，介绍一个喜爱的明星及原因等。2)考试的内容和形式。如，是一问一答的形式还是提前给一篇文章，让你就其中的某些内容进行作答。3)导师研究的方向和喜好。4)去年或历年问过的题目以及需要提前准备哪些内容。
就听力部分而言，相信大家相对比较熟悉，因为大部分同学都考过四、六级，对听力不陌生，在此需要提醒几点：1)正确选择听力材料。在非英语专业复试中，一般院校的英语听力难度不会超过六级;因此听力材料的难度应适中，难度太大会使考生丧失信心，失去兴趣，产生抵触心理和恐惧感;太过简单又容易盲目自信和乐观。如果手头没有现成的听力资料，六级真题的听力也是一个不错的选择。2)对于所选材料应精听。很多同学反映听力练习很长时间，也听了很多材料，但还是没有提高，在此于老师提醒大家对于听力的练习要更注重质量而非单纯的数量;对于每篇听力材料都要精听，不要只限于做听力的题目，应该做题的基础上多听几遍，直到能听写下来的程度，再进行下一篇材料的练习。3)练习听写。平时听录音材料时要有意识地将关键信息记录下来，这样既可以培养短期记忆的能力，又可以强制性地迫使自己全神贯注、积极思考。在听写时，应注意使用一些自己能识别的简单符号进行速记，借助于记录，使自己听得准确。听力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，需要大家平时多加积累和练习，同学们一定要在考前坚持练习，形成听力的环境和感觉，才能在考试时轻松应对。
复试其实是一种面对面的交流，导师们更加注重考生的整体感觉与印象。因此，大家一定要在复试前做足准备，包括知识上的准备于心理上的准备等方面。一定要非常自信地、勇敢地、不卑不亢地面对考察，回答面试官的问题。要给面试官展现一个自信的、独立的、有思维的一个面貌，让导师们相信在之后的读研过程能够顺利地完成研究生的各项任务。
历年MBA论说文真题范文 第17篇
亲情，像一叶小舟，承载着希望;亲情，像雨露，滋润着干涸的心;亲情，像太阳的温暖，遍及每个人心灵的最深处……
爱的方式多种多样，但却永远不会改变，岁月愈久，爱愈浓。
自从上了初中以来，我对我的母亲越来越反感，好像总觉得我们之间隔着什么，感情也渐渐疏远了，我甚至感觉幸福正离我而去，母亲不再爱我了。我们之间的矛盾愈演愈烈，一发不可收拾。
那天，我们好不容易聚到了外婆家，母亲打破了这亲人团聚的气氛，又唠叨起我的生活，学习上的事，好像在她的眼里，我做的'事都是不对的。我火冒三丈，气得直跺脚。母亲见状，丝毫没有要停的意思，继续说了下去，在外婆面前数落了我一番。“够了吧。”我忍无可忍了。外婆马上站了起来，示意母亲别说了。母亲狠狠地瞪了我一眼，外婆见火药味越来越大，硬把我拉进了房间。“孩子，你还小，不明白。”“我长大了，不用她管。”“孩子，母爱是伟大的，无私的呀。”我对于外婆的话根本不屑一顾。“孩子，听外婆给你讲个故事，你就明白啦。
有一位年轻的母亲，刚生下孩子，在家休养，她的丈夫出差在外。在不久后的一个晚上，她突然发现自己的女儿额头很烫，她开始以为不会有多大的关系，可她觉得越来越不对劲，女儿的病丝毫不见好，她害怕极了，但是她还是毫不犹豫地将孩子背上，穿了雨衣，冲进了雨中。那时，接连好几天的大雨，雨水漫过了膝盖，尽管她已经筋疲力尽了，可她还是坚持着把女儿送进了医院，医生告诉她，如果晚来一步，后果可能不堪设想。母亲微微露出了微笑，便晕倒了。母亲醒后，无微不至地照顾着女儿，女儿渐渐好了，红扑扑的脸蛋上有了笑容，但母亲却生了场大病，为此，她也落下了一身的病，每逢刮风下雨，她的腰，膝盖便隐隐作痛。”外婆长舒了一口气。我的鼻子酸酸的，心里很不是滋味。
外婆问我感受如何，我倔强地说：“这位母亲很伟大，我妈妈跟她比简直望尘莫及。”外婆淡淡一笑：“可她就是你的母亲呀。”我的心猛地一颤，眼泪夺眶而出。从门缝中，我望见了母亲抽泣的背影，还有那缕缕银丝，才知道，自己真的错了。
亲情，像一锅五味汤，酸，甜，苦，辣，咸，样样俱备。但是，亲情却无法补偿，无法用金钱来衡量。啊，母亲，我懂你，我明白，你一直那么爱我，只是换了种方式，你用你的爱谱写了亲情之歌，始终萦绕在我的心头……
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